The membrane is selectively permeable: ions cross channels PASSIVELY down the gradient (no energy); the Na⁺/K⁺ pump pushes ions AGAINST the gradient so it must burn ATP — this very ion gradient creates the membrane potential (paired with the neuron room).
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Drag "Concentration gradient" & pick a "Scenario" (hypotonic/hypertonic · Na⁺/K⁺ pump · ATP depleted…) · click a membrane component or concept for details
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Ion concentration on both sides & potential over timeoutsideinsidepotential