Map of Mind & Machine
From a single bit to artificial intelligence: binary & encoding, logic gates, algorithms, how a CPU runs, neural networks and how machines learn — linking biological neurons to silicon ones.
information axis · bit → algorithm → AIBinary Bit & Mã hóa
A flippable 8-bit register: binary counting, ASCII, images = bits, two’s complement and hexadecimal.
Logic Gates Cổng logic & Mạch số
AND/OR/NOT/XOR, truth tables, an adder and the flip-flop memory circuit — 0/1 signals running on wires.
Algorithms Thuật toán
Sorting (bubble/quick/merge) and pathfinding (BFS/A*) visualized step by step, comparing Big-O complexity.
CPU Máy tính chạy thế nào
The fetch–decode–execute cycle: registers, the ALU, RAM and the bus running a toy program clock tick by tick.
Neural Net Mạng nơ-ron nhân tạo
Draw by hand → a multilayer network feeds forward and classifies; weights, activation functions; linked to biological neurons.
How AI Learns Cách AI học
Gradient descent lowers the loss function: regression, classification, high/low learning rate and overfitting.
How the Net Works Internet
Click a link and data is cut into packets running through routers to the server and back: IP, DNS, TCP/IP, HTTPS.
Cryptography Mật mã & Bảo mật
How messages/transactions are locked: symmetric keys, public keys, hash functions, digital signatures.
Quantum Computing Máy tính lượng tử
Qubits superposing 0 and 1, quantum gates, entanglement — why they’re fast for some problems (and the real limits).
Data Compression Nén dữ liệu
A Huffman tree built live from character frequencies, prefix codes & the Shannon entropy limit — why ZIP/JPEG can shrink.
Turing Machine Máy Turing
An infinite tape + read-write head + rule table = the foundational model of computation. Church–Turing & the unsolvable halting problem.
Error Correction Sửa lỗi & Mã hóa
Bits flip over a noisy channel — parity detects, the Hamming code locates & fixes the wrong bit. The basis of QR, ECC, deep space.
Pathfinding Tìm đường BFS/DFS/Dijkstra/A*
A wave spreads across the maze to find the shortest path; A* ‘sniffs’ the goal and checks fewer cells. Exactly how Google Maps routes.
Attention / LLM Transformer & Cơ chế chú ý
Each word ‘attends’ to related words to predict the next — the core of how ChatGPT works. Temperature changes the creativity.
Reinforcement Learning Học tăng cường
An agent probes the grid by trial–error, taking reward/penalty, the Q-table brightening → finding the optimal path on its own. How AI learns to play games.
Data Structures Cấu trúc dữ liệu
Binary search trees, hash tables, heaps — insert/search visualized. Why the right structure searches fast O(log n).
Recursion & Call Stack Đệ quy & Ngăn xếp
A function calling itself: stack frames piling up then unwinding. Tower of Hanoi, the Fibonacci tree, fractals — demystified.
Blockchain Blockchain & Sổ cái
Blocks linked by hashes; alter one block and the whole chain breaks. Mining (PoW) finds a nonce for a hash with enough zeros — the basis of Bitcoin.
Memory Hierarchy Phân cấp bộ nhớ & Cache
Register→L1→L2→L3→RAM→disk: fast is small, large is slow. A cache hit flies, a miss drags — why machines feel fast/slow.
Finite State Machine Máy trạng thái hữu hạn
States + transition arrows: traffic lights, a vending machine, recognizing strings by regex. A foundation of computation theory.