Quantum Numbers & Orbitals

▸ Building the |ψ|² electron probability cloud (3D)…

▸ Orbital shapes: s (sphere) · p (dumbbell) · d (cloverleaf) · f

▸ Loading the four quantum numbers n, l, mₗ, mₛ + the Pauli principle

▸ Aufbau filling order 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d… + Hund’s rule

▸ Ready — drag to rotate. ✅

Now showing

⚪ Orbital 1s

Subshell—

Principal quantum number n—

Shape l—

Orbitals (2l+1)—

Max electrons—

Nodes—

Probability cloud

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Drag to rotate, scroll to zoom · switch Scenario on the right to view s/p/d/f orbitals · each dot = a place the electron could be found

|ψ|² density vs. radius (illustrative) |ψ|²