Doping n (P/As) donates free electrons; p (B) creates holes. The p–n junction conducts one way only (forward bias). A transistor = an electrical ‘valve’ controlled by the gate voltage — the foundation of every chip.
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Adjust DOPING · VOLTAGE · GATE in the right column · pick a scenario (diode/LED/transistor) · click a structure for details
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Voltage sweep → I–V characteristic (diode knee)U sweepI (characteristic)